When it comes to performance, helical cutter heads can consume more power and require higher-powered motors to run, but this is usually down to a bad selection. If your existing cutter head is two-knife and you purchase a five-row helical cutter head to replace it you will notice a significant reduction in power due to the increased amount of contact from the cutters, which will result in requiring to take much shallower passes or a motor upgrade to keep up with demand. The shearing action also causes more friction than an adzing action, as per conventional straight knives.
I was about to type, "well at last, someone has explained it!" (meaning the increased power demand), but then I thought,
"Hang on a minute - you just spent a frustrating evening hand-planing Sapele with a #4 1/2, mentally kicking yourself for a stupid process decision, yet also thanking the Japanese for laminated plane irons. Isn't it easier when you skew the plane across the workpiece?"
Well, yes: it it is
a lot easier, especially once the edge goes off my Smoothcut iron a bit. My back and weedy arm muscles quite like the idea, too.
I get that there are more cutters in contact per rotation, but that's over a much shorter length, simultaneously, than a full width conventional cutter block. So does this mean that the power increase/decrease nets out on wide boards, but not narrow ones or edges? Do people push the stock through faster because the cutter block works more quickly with a helix?
I'm not saying you're wrong...
yet. I've even seen a YouTube shoot-out between two DeWalt lunchbox thicknessers, one with a helical cutter head and one wit the standard factory-fited conventional block. There was no doubt in that video that the helical block drew more power, but the creator, in my view wrongly, asserted it was because of the additional mass of the helical block. The heavier block would draw more power at startup, but would also have greater inertia. The one useful thing about the test was that they were thicknessers: so the feed speed should've been the same on both machines (no pulleys nor other gearing was changed inside).
Conclusion: I'm still not persuaded that helical setups should, inherently, use more energy for a given task than a conventional setup. Considering my #4 1/2, a shearing cut seems to need less power (yes, friction increases, but the force on the knife edge is a lot lower: it
feels like shearing wins this one). It's evidently an issue in practice, but as to the reason, I think there are presently too many variables un-tested for.
E.
PS: I snipped the very sensible comments about safety - they make complete sense (I suspect the Shelix design is cheaper to make...) - no disrepect whatsoever, quite the opposite.