Earlier today I remarked elsewhere that I remain completely confused on the subject of moss around here and soil acidity, Moss is an acid loving and generating species, this is a Limestone area, I can dig down a couple of foot and retrieve Cotswold Limestone suitable for building construction, how come I need to apply a heavy dressing of Lime everywhere to discourage it.
Unfortunately, moss can grow in acidic or alkaline soil. If the soil is too acidic, such as pH 5.5 and below, the grass will have a difficult time growing and will not have an opportunity to choke out the moss.
Any limestone a couple of feet below grade will not leach up, so lime must be added to the surface of acidic soil to raise the pH level (reduce the acidity). This might not have a direct effect on the moss, but could indirectly affect it by promoting grass growth. Since moss grows at a lower height than most cool season turfgrasses, a thick lawn kept at a height of about three inches will reduce that amount of sunlight reaching the soil level and will not promote a good environment for moss (and some weeds).
Cool season grass blends grow best in soil that has a pH range of 6.0 to 7.2, plus or minus 0.5 depending on the cultivar. Last year, I sent a soil sample from my lawn for testing at the Institute for Soil and Environment in northern Germany. The pH of my soil was 6.7 and the micronutrients (phosphor, potassium, magnesium, etc.) were mid range for ornamental turfgrass. According to the Institute, untreated soil in my area usually has a pH value of 4.0 to 5.5, and the low pH also has a direct negative impact on the micronutrients in the soil. The analysis of my lawn sample confirms my lawn care regime is correct for my area. The next time I send a soil sample for analysis, I'll ask one of my three neighbors if I can take core samples from their lawns as well, at my expense. They don't do anything to amend the soil in their lawns, and it shows.
Mulling over the conundrum of rampant moss whilst doing a bit of remedial wall painting (it’s raining again) I believe I've answered my own localised befuddled battle with moss.
1. To rapidly kill lush green growing moss you introduce it to Iron sulphate; it turns black within minutes of exposure.
2. Iron Sulphate is an acidic salt.
3. Residual amounts of which entering the soil raises the acidity level of the loam.
4. Residual Moss spores rejoice at the increased acidity level of the surface loam and come out to play in profusion at the first opportunity.
Iron sulphate must be used with care on a lawn. It will certainly lower the pH (increase acidity), kill moss, and give the grass a deeper green color. If too much iron sulfate is used, the pH of the soil is quickly lowered below the healthy limit for grass and the grass can turn black. The good news is this is temporary and the grass will eventually be green again after repeated growth and mowing cycles. However, in the interim, the moss can benefit after its initial purge because the grass is weakened and can't choke out the next growth cycle of moss.
When I began my lawn project, there was a 20 square meter section of the lawn that was in the shade most of the day. The grass seed the "professionals" sowed was best suited for direct sunlight and was not a blend. As a result, the shaded area was over half moss and it was a constant battle of scraping it up, throwing down more of the same seed with the same ultimate results. I never knew what type of grass was sown, but realized it was not suited for the shade. The guy who brought the seeds gave me a plastic tub that had about 5kg of the seeds for "touch up" as needed. The seeds would not germinate after a few years, so I had to start over.
After an aggressive renovation last year, I overseeded with a blend of 60-percent ryegrass, 20-percent tall fescue, and 20-percent Kentucky bluegrass, the shaded area is free from moss. I cut the grass at a height of about three inches and this does a great job of choking out most weeds and all of the moss. I have access to some great herbicides that take care of the weeds that manage to take root.
And so the Man - Moss dance continues.
...but it can be a short dance if done correctly.